Knowing the structure of a virus gives hints on how the virus interacts with a cell to initiate the infectious process and how the structure of the viral proteins allows interaction with the immune system. From this information, strategies to abort virus infection might be advised.
The Lytic Cycle of a Virulent Virus is as follows. The virus first attaches itself to the cell. During the entry process enzymes weaken the cell wall and nucleic acid is injected into the cell, leaving the empty capsid outside of the cell. Many viruses actually enter the host cell intact. With the success of the replication process the Viral DNA takes control of the cell activity. At this point all metabolic activity of the cell is directed to assemble new viruses. When released Enzymes disintegrate the cell in a process called Lysis, releasing the new viruses.
The Lysogenic Cycle of a Temperate Virus is when the virus attaches itself and injects its DNA into the cell. The Viral DNA attaches itself to the host DNA, becoming a new set of cell genes called a prophage. When the host cell divides, the new gene is replicated and passed to new cells. This causes no harm to the cell, but may alter its traits. The two outcomes are the prophage survives as a permanent part of the DNA of the host organism, or some external stimuli can cause the prophage to become active, using the cell to produce new viruses.
Some of the diseases caused by the virus in humans are the Common Cold, Flu, German Measles, Mumps, Chicken Pox, Small Pox, Mononucleosis, Cold Sores, Hepatitis, Warts, Herpes and HIV/AIDS.
In animals some of the diseases caused by the virus are Foot and Mouth disease, Rabies, Newcastle Disease, Distemper in dogs, Cowpox and Influenza in Horses and Birds.
In Plants some of the diseases caused by the virus are Tobacco Mosaic Disease, Tomato Bushy Stunt, Maize Dwarf, Alfalfa Mosaic Disease, Sugar Beat Curly Top, and Dwarfism in rice.
Viruses are usually easy to destroy while outside living organisms. Outside the body, the “AIDS” virus, HIV, can be destroyed with a solution of bleach that is almost weak enough for you to drink. But once inside a host, most substances that destroy the virus are also harmful to the host organism. For this reason, viral infections in animal cells can be extremely hard to cure. Viral infections in plant cells are almost impossible to cure.
Compared to the number of vaccines developed to treat bacterial diseases, there are very few vaccines for viral infections. Virus vaccines are made with either inactivated or attenuated viruses. Inactivated viruses do not replicated in a host cell. Attenuated viruses have been genetically altered so they are not able to cause disease. The first viral vaccinations were for measles, mumps, and rubella. There are now vaccines for hepatitis A and B, chickenpox, smallpox, and rabies.
To help in the battle of the disease antiviral Drugs are being used to interfere with the synthesis of viral nucleic acid or with the formation of viral capsids during replication. Antibiotics are also used to specifically attack the metabolism of a bacterial cell. Since viruses use only the reproductive machinery of a cell, antibiotics are of no use in destroying viruses.
The human body does have some natural ability to inhibit viral infections. There are two limited ways the body fights viruses.
White Blood Cells engulf viruses in the blood and digest them.
Interferon is a protein produced by cells when exposed to a virus. This protein binds to the cell membrane of neighboring cells and interferes with the ability of a virus to enter the cell.
What is the Flu?
The Flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. While most healthy people recover from the Flu without complications, some people, such as older individuals and young children, and people with certain health conditions, are at high risk for serious complications from the Flu.
The flu usually starts suddenly and may include these symptoms fever, headache, tiredness, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, Diarrhea and vomiting which also can occur but are common in children.
Some of the complications caused by the flu include bacterial pneumonia, dehydration, and the worsening of chronic medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, asthma, or diabetes. Children and adults may develop sinus problems and ear infections.
The flu spreads in respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing. It usually spreads from person to person, though occasionally a person may become infected by touching something with the virus on it and then touching their mouth or nose. Adults may be able to infect others 1 day before getting symptoms and up to 7 days after getting sick. So it is possible to give someone the flu before you know you’re sick as well as while you are sick.
In a report released by the US National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health. Silver Nanoparticles has a potent effect on SARS-CoV-2
Colloidal Silver is attracting researchers from around the world based on the positive attributes it has against viruses.
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It is always best to notify a doctor at the first sign of infection to avoid possibly serious complications. By working directly with the doctor, most infections can easily be treated.
